HAVANA — Colombia’s government and leftist rebels announced Wednesday that they have reached a deal on a ceasefire that would be the last major step toward ending Latin America’s oldest guerrilla war.
President Juan Manuel Santos will travel to Cuba Thursday to unveil details of the agreement with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC. U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon announced he also would be present to witness the signing of the deal.
The presidents of Cuba, Venezuela and Chile — the three nations sponsoring the now almost four-year-old peace talks in Havana — were also expected, and the Obama administration was sending its special envoy to the talks, former diplomat Bernard Aronson.
Colombia’s conflict has killed more than 220,000 people and displaced millions since 1964. But a 15-year, U.S.-backed military offensive thinned the rebels’ ranks and forced its aging leaders to the negotiating table in 2012.
Momentum had been building toward a breakthrough after Santos said this week that he hoped to end a half-century of bloodshed by July 20, marking Colombia’s declaration of independence from Spain.
But Wednesday’s agreement went further than expected, removing all doubt that a final deal is around the corner.
In addition to announcing a framework for the ceasefire, both sides said they agreed on how the FARC’s estimated 7,000 fighters will demobilize and hand over their weapons, as well as the security guarantees that will be provided to leftist activists after the conflict ends. Negotiators in January tasked the U.N. with monitoring adherence to an eventual ceasefire and resolving disputes emerging from the demobilization.
With the latest advances, only few minor pending items remain, the biggest being how the final deal will be ratified and given legal force so that it won’t unravel should a more conservative government succeed Santos, who leaves office in 2018.
Mañana será un gran día! Trabajamos por una Colombia en paz, un sueño que comienza a ser realidad. #SíALaPaz pic.twitter.com/yk7RI4yjrB
— Juan Manuel Santos (@JuanManSantos) June 22, 2016
Santos has vowed to put the deal to a referendum vote so Colombians can express their opinion. Opinion polls show the FARC are widely despised among conservative Colombians and frustration with the rebels has grown as the talks have dragged on, making reconciliation seem more distant.
The peace talks have been bumpy and extended much longer than Santos or anyone else anticipated. But if a final deal is reached, it would end Latin America’s last major insurgency, one accused of being a major supplier of cocaine to the U.S.
Still, the much-smaller and more recalcitrant National Liberation Army has a toehold in some areas and could fill the void left by the FARC.
MIKE WEISSENSTEIN
JOSH GOODMAN
